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26/01/2009 Seminar on "Anthropology" of 19/01 / 2009

Lunedì 19 gennaio 2009, presso il Collegio Universitario Torleone , si è tenuto il terzo incontro di Antropologia per studenti del primo anno che frequentano il Programma FIRE .
Il relatore è stato il dott. Massimo Tucciarelli.

L’INTELLIGENZA

L’intelligenza è una proprietà che scaturisce da una rete di cellule neuronali. Not known at present all the conditions that must exist so that this property is active.
The definition of intelligence is related to the identification of the functions that the network of cells can realize that property once activated.

A vision of synthesis is as follows:

There are two basic functions: the ability to abstract and reflexivity. The first is at the root of the conceptualization, and the need of universal semantics. The second is at the root of self, decentralization and freedom.

L ' abstraction is the ability to extract something by a formal sensory information and internalize it as a mental category, to be used for qualification of new sensory information. The category corresponding to the object in his individuality is the concept. The abstraction can have several levels: once formulated the concept of a thing, the intelligence can think about what this concept is common with others, and an additional abstract concept more general (eg., From species to genus ), and so on for an infinite number of steps. With
conceptualization is linked 's universalization, namely the fact that once owned a concept, intelligence può pensare infinite cose che corrispondono a quel concetto. La limitatezza della esperienza sensibile frappone sì un limite alla conoscenza (da questo punto di vista l’intelletto umano è finito e limitato, in quanto non può conoscere tutto contemporaneamente), ma non all’intelligenza, che può sempre pensare al superamento di quel limite.
Conseguenza delle caratteristiche precedenti è l’ esigenza semantica : proprio perché è capace di astrarre e di universalizzare all’infinito, l’intelligenza porta con sé un bisogno di senso.

La riflessività significa che l’intelligenza è capace di riflettere su se stessa, nel senso che è capace di distanziarsi non soltanto dalla cosa che conosce, ma anche dai propri stessi atti di conoscenza. Perciò i giudizi della ragione possono essere giudicati di nuovo dalla stessa ragione, in base ad altri criteri, e ciò può essere ripetuto all’infinito. E’ da notare la differenza rispetto ai sensi: ad esempio, l’occhio non può vedere se stesso. La ragione, invece, può conoscere i suoi stessi atti ed emettere giudizi sui propri giudizi. Perciò il sistema che è oggetto di qualsiasi giudizio dell’intelligenza è sempre un sistema aperto, e il giudizio dell’intelligenza è sempre riformabile. Questa caratteristica dell’intelligenza umana la distingue da analoghe funzioni performed by machines.

the reflexivity are connected:

1. L 'self : intelligence, precisely because it is able to reflect on itself, is self-conscious. He knows he is and he knows you know. The
2. decentralization: the man has the ability to see things from a different perspective than their own (taking, thus, distances himself), or by two distinct perspectives simultaneously. This ability is at the origin of moral conscience (which is the reflection of the intelligence that assesses the goodness of an act performed or to be performed, from the point of view of who is not emotionally involved with it) and the ' humor (laughter is born from the realization of rational contradiction between two different points of view in consideration of this aspect of reality). The
3. freedom (see the discussion on specific topic).
   

about the difference between human intelligence and similar functions performed by the animals, we can say that the animal is a representation of something that relates to himself (he knows the thing as it satisfies his need) and then indistinct from its subjectivity. The man, however, has the ability to formulate a concept of thing, to represent it in and of itself, an absolute and not relative to itself. Consequently, only man is capable of building machines (ie, tools made from various parts coordinated with a purpose: it presupposes a conceptual representation of each part) and to assign a meaning to things (for example, use a as a symbol of another thing). The representation for concepts imply a separation of subject from the object known, a being outside and assess it from the outside. The conceptual language is an expression of that material: even when the words have as their object the emotions of the subject (for example, when one says: "I am suffering"), they are not in continuity with the emotions, but emotional involve objectification of the phenomenon, which makes it communicable to those who do not feel the same emotion.